Second, by keeping the coils cleaner, the UV systems may improve the energy performance of the HVAC system. Preventing growth on the coils and drain pans may reduce these health risks. First, the mold and bacteria that often grow on cooling coils and drain pans may shed particles into the air that subsequently enters the occupied spaces, posing health risks, such as risks of non-infectious respiratory health effects. There are two reasons to irradiate coils and drain pans. Irradiating the cooling coils and drain pans can dramatically reduce mold and bacteria growth on the often wet surfaces of cooling coils and drain pans, or destroy the microbial films that previously accumulated on the irradiated surfaces. Often, UVGI systems in ducts also direct UV light at the cooling coils and drain pans of air conditioning systems. UVGI systems can also be installed in the ducts of heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and irradiate the small airborne particles containing microorganisms as the air flows through the ducts. This review will not consider the effectiveness of UVGI in reducing infections of wounds or surgical sites. Thus, these systems are used to reduce rates of airborne transmission of respiratory infections, infections of wounds, and infections at the sites of surgery. The purpose of these systems is to kill or deactivate the bacteria and viruses within small airborne particles that sometimes cause infectious diseases.
The systems are designed so that little of the UV light penetrates into the occupied portion of the room. UVGI has been installed in occupied rooms in a manner that causes air near the ceiling to be irradiated, these are sometimes called upper room air UVGI systems. Plastics, human skin, and eyes can also be damaged by UV light. With extended exposure, UV germicidal irradiation (UVGI) can also break down the particles that have deposited on an irradiated surface. The cells may be killed or made unable to reproduce. Ultraviolet (UV) germicidal lights produce short wavelength light (or radiation) that can damage the genetic material in the nucleus of cells of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and molds.
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